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Javanese 〔Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh〕 (, '; (:bɔsɔ dʒɔwɔ)) (colloquially known as , '; (:tjɔrɔ dʒɔwɔ)) is the language of the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. There are also pockets of Javanese speakers in the northern coast of western Java. It is the native language of more than 98 million people (more than 42% of the total population of Indonesia). Javanese is one of the Austronesian languages, but it is not particularly close to other languages and is difficult to classify. Its closest relatives are the neighbouring languages such as Sundanese, Madurese and Balinese. Most speakers of Javanese also speak Indonesian, a standardized Malayan language, for official and commercial purposes as well as a means to communicate with non-Javanese Indonesians. There are speakers of Javanese in Malaysia (concentrated in the states of Selangor and Johor) and Singapore. Some people of Javanese descent in Suriname (the Dutch colony of Surinam until 1975) speak a creole descendant of the language. == Speakers == The language is spoken in Central and East Java, as well as on the north coast of West Java. Smaller groups of people live in North Sumatra also still used the language. In Suriname, creolized Javanese is spoken among descendants of plantation migrants brought by the Dutch during 19th century. In Madura, Bali, Lombok, and the Sunda region of West Java, it is also used as a literary language. It was the court language in Palembang, South Sumatra, until the palace was sacked by the Dutch in the late 18th century. Javanese is written with the Latin script, Javanese script, and Arabic script.〔Van der Molen (1983:VII-VIII).〕 Javanese is the tenth largest language by native speakers and the largest language without official status. It is spoken or understood by approximately 100 million people. At least 45% of the total population of Indonesia are of Javanese descent or live in an area where Javanese is the dominant language. All seven of Indonesian presidents since 1945 have been of Javanese descent.〔Sukarno has Javanese father and Balinese mother, Habibie has father from Gorontalo descent and Javanese mother, while Megawati is Sukarno's daughter through his wife, who is from Bengkulu〕 It is therefore not surprising that Javanese has a deep impact on the development of Indonesian, the national language of Indonesia. There are three main dialects in the modern language: Central Javanese, Eastern Javanese, and Western Javanese. There is a dialect continuum from Banten in the extreme west of Java to Banyuwangi Regency in the eastern corner of the island. All Javanese dialects are more or less mutually intelligible. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Javanese language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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